History
The Doyle Drive Historic Corridor
Doyle Drive Low Viaduct<< back
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Aerial view of the Low Viaduct under construction, 1934. San Francisco History Center, San Francisco Public Library |
DOYLE DRIVE’S LOW VIADUCT stretches 3,308 feet from the battery bluff north of
the San Francisco National Cemetery to the east (Marina District) edge of the Presidio.
The Golden Gate Bridge and Highway District (GGB&HD) built the Low Viaduct as part
of the original Golden Gate Bridge project between 1934 and 1937. It conformed to
the Army’s stipulation that the bridge’s approach roads have no at-grade crossings
with Presidio roads so that communication within the military reservation would not
be affected. Military officials also required the GGB&HD to undertake extensive
relocation, reconstruction, and new construction of utilities and buildings as
compensation for Presidio facilities demolished or otherwise affected by the
construction of the Low Viaduct.
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FEARING TRAFFIC JAMS, in 1932 Marina District residents protested the GGB&HD’s
plan to build a single Doyle Drive ramp connection with Marina Boulevard. In response,
the City and County of San Francisco pressured the GGB&HD to instead connect Doyle
Drive with Lombard Street/Highway 101. GGB&HD Chief Engineer Joseph B. Strauss
initially resisted the City’s demand. Soon, however, Strauss began promoting a plan to
connect Doyle Drive both to Lombard Street and to Beach Street. Although
construction of the Low Viaduct began in 1934, the controversy over Doyle Drive’s
street connections in the Marina District lasted for several years.
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The Low Viaduct nearing completion and workers making improvements to the Presidio, 1936. Golden Gate Bridge Highway and Transportation District, San Francisco, California |
IN EARLY 1936, amid growing public controversy, GGB&HD
Director A. R. O’Brien warned of the “tremendous loss that
will accrue to the taxpayers if these outlets are not ready
when the bridge opens.” The GGB&HD and the City and
County of San Francisco finally reached a compromise. The
GGB&HD would build its originally planned Doyle Drive ramp
linking the Low Viaduct with Marina Boulevard but trucks and
busses would be prohibited from accessing Doyle Drive from
Marina Boulevard. The city would take the lead in
constructing Richardson Avenue and its ramps, including
viaduct segments, between Lombard Street and Doyle Drive
as a Works Progress Administration (WPA) project. The Low
Viaduct, the Marina Boulevard ramp, Richardson Avenue, and
the off-ramp from Doyle Drive to Richardson Avenue were all
completed by the time the Golden Gate Bridge opened to
traffic in May 1937. The on-ramp from Richardson Avenue to
Doyle Drive was completed in January 1938.
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ca. 1932 illustration of Strauss’s Beach Street plan for a
grand boulevard that would have
carried Doyle Drive traffic through
part of the Marina District and
featured the Palace of Fine Arts.
Strauss commissioned Bay Area
artist Chesley Bonesstell to produce
this rendering of his Beach Street
plan, which the City rejected. Courtesy of Water Resources Center Archives, University of California, Berkeley |